International journal of martial arts

Purpose: Quantitative grounds for the difficulty distinction and clear evaluation criteria of Taekwondo free style Poomsae spin kick are required. The purpose of this research is to conduct a kinematic analysis of 540°Dwihuryochagi(540D), 720°Dollyochagi(720D) and 900°Dwihuryochagi(900D) and provide a quantitative basis for spin kick difficulty classification. Method: 13 athletes(age: 20.6±0.7 years, height: 171.3±4.2 cm, weight: 65.4±6.2 kg, experience: 8.3±4.5 years) were selected for this study. The analysis variables were the interval-specific time required for the spin kick, the displacement and velocity of the center of mass(COM), and the rotation angle and rotation angular velocity of the trunk. Results: First, as the rotation angle increased, the time to kick(E2-E4) increased and the height of kick-off(E4) COM decreased(p<.05). Second, it has been shown that the time to land(E4-E5) is shortened(p<.05). The 900D was followed by kick after the landing was completed. Third, for the rotational angular velocity of the torso, rapid angular velocity was shown in the order of 900D > 720D > 540D in the air rotation interval(Phase 2-5). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the difficulty of 900D should be allocated higher than that of 540D and 720D. In addition, Video Assistant Referee(VAR) techniques need to be applied to evaluate the success of 900D.

Purpose: This study was analyzed by conducting a survey of 170 leaders working at taekwondo gyms in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to find out the impact of the Taekwondo master's job satisfaction on the revitalization of the Taekwondo gym. Method: Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple regression Analysis was used on the data collected through the surveys by using the SPSS 22.0 to determine the effect between factors. The significance level for all statistics was set to 0.05. Results: First, the sub-variant analysis of the job satisfaction for Taekwondo masters, showed no statistically significant difference in gender. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in all factors depending on their educational background. Also, the guidance experience showed statistically significant differences in the factors relating to the task itself. Second, the sub-variant analysis of the Taekwondo master's gym activation (personal performance) showed no statistically significant difference in gender, but statistically significant differences showed in all factors depending on educational background. In addition, there have been statistically significant differences in the factors of individual performance over the course of the guidance career. Third, an analysis of the impact of job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters on the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms (management performance) showed that all factors in job satisfaction have a statistically significant impact on individual performance and painting performance related to the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms. Conclusion: The study found that the job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters has a positive impact on the revitalization of taekwondo gyms (management performance). We hope that the results of this study will be provided as basic data for how to revitalize the Taekwondo gym, and we hope that it will help revitalize the Taekwondo gym.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance factors of Poomsae High School Team, which is destroying Poomsae specialized gym's stronghold by comparing the training place, training time, training method, various support, and leader's career and to find out the reason how they broke the stronghold of specialized gyms who have dominated the competition for a long time and performing well to provide guidance for Poomsae leaders. Method: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 5 Taekwondo Poomsae specialized gyms and 2 professional school teams were conducted, and data were collected through literature surveys and in-depth interviews on-site visits. Based on this, a comparative analysis of the performance factors of the Taekwondo Poomsae specialized gym and the high school team resulted in the following conclusions. Results: Overall, differences in scholarships, food expenses, support and training time and leaders' training concentration were shown. However, both groups focused on personality and sincere training when it came to guidance philosophy, and for the gyms, supply and demand of athletes and counseling with parents, and for high school temas, maintaining relationships with school teachers, and managing athletes in the camp were found to be difficulties. Conclusion: The reason why Poomsae specialized gym's performance factor is significantly lower than that of the professional high school team is that the number of camp and field training depends on the parents' economic factors, and because the performance is proportional to the training volume, the school team's training is relatively higher than the professional gym, which is analyzed as a factor that can produce good results.

Purpose: The study was conducted to verify how sports confidence affects the continuation of exercise for high school student breaking athletes participating in the national-scale Taekwondo breaking competition. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was conducted on 364 high school student breaking athletes who have participated in a national Taekwondo breaking contest and analyzed the collected data. Method: In the study, the data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and a Frequency analysis was performed to find out the general characteristics of the study participants. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the influence relationship between the variables of the measurement tool. In addition, Multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of sports confidence on the continuation of exercise. All statistical significance levels were set to .05. Results: First, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise continuation according to the gender of high school breaking athletes who participated in the Taekwondo breaking contest, there were statistically significant differences in coach leadership of sports confidence, physical and mental preparation factor, and exercise friend factor in exercise continuation. Second, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise continuation according to grades of high school breaking athletes participating in the Taekwondo breaking contest, statistically significant differences were found in the factors of exercise interest in exercise continuation. On the contrary, there was no statistically significant difference in all factors of sports confidence. Third, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise persistence according to the winning experience of high school breaking athletes participating in the Taekwondo breaking contest, there were no statistically significant differences in all factors of sports confidence and exercise persistence. Conclusion: as a result of the study, the recent increase in the sports confidence of Taekwondo-breaking players was identified and the conclusion that the sports confidence of high-school Taekwondo-breaking players could have an effect on the continuation of the exercise was drawn. Based on this, if Taekwondo practitioners of various age groups, from adults to adolescents and adolescents to youths, participate in the breaking contest and find a way to continue their Taekwondo training, it is thought that it could be a meaningful study not only for the Taekwondo demonstration field but also for the overall development of Taekwondo.

Purpose: In this study, 198 judo players from middle, high school, and university in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province were analyzed for differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques by gender, grade, athlete experience and selection of representative athletes. Method: Data processing in this study was conducted using the SPSS 23.0 Program to identify the general characteristics of the subjects and the Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. T-test was conducted to identify differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques based on gender and standing experience, and One way ANOVA was conducted to identify differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques by grade and player experience. Results: As a result of this study, no statistical difference in the importance of attack and defense techniques was found by gender, grade, athlete experience, and selection experience of representative athletes. Although it was not statistically significant, the importance of attack and defense techniques by gender was high for male and female players with high hand and waist techniques. In terms of the importance of attack techniques by grade, the first and second graders in middle school showed high hand techniques, while the second and first graders in middle school showed high back techniques and foot techniques. In terms of defense techniques depending on the grade, the first and second graders in middle school showed high hand techniques, the second and first graders in middle school for waist techniques and the second graders in high school and middle school for foot techniques. In terms of the importance of attack techniques according to the player's experience, hand techniques, waist techniques, and foot techniques were all high under two years of player experience. In terms of the importance of defense techniques depending on the player's career, hand and waist techniques were higher than two years of player experience and foot techniques were higher than three years of player experience and five years of player experience. In terms of the importance of attack and defense techniques based on the winning experience, both attack and defense techniques showed that players who did not win prizes were higher than those who had won prizes. In terms of the importance of attack and defense techniques based on the experience of selecting representative players, both attack and defense techniques were higher than those with experience in selecting representative players. Conclusion: The results of this study are believed to be used as basic data for systematic training and player management to improve the performance of Judo athletes in middle and high schools and universities.

Purpose: Competitive anxiety is a state in which an athlete feels threat, fear, and pressure from the fierce competition and difficulty of winning, which inevitably accompanies an athletic event. This study seeks to delve into the influences of leadership on the competition status anxiety and psychological factors of university taekwondo demonstration teams, and examine the relationship between them. Method: Data collected through the questionnaire in this study was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Frequency analysis was performed to find out the general characteristics of the study participants, and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach' α coefficient, an internal consistency test, were used to verify the validity and reliability of the measurement tool. In addition, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to determine the influence between variables of self-management, exercise commitment, and perceived athletic performance, and the significance level was set to .05. Results: First, it was found that the leadership of the leader had a statistically significant effect on cognitive state anxiety and state confidence among the competing state anxiety factors of university taekwondo demonstrators, and there was statistically no significant level in physical state anxiety. Second, it was found that leadership had a statistically significant effect on crisis management and confidence/achievement motivation among the psychological factors of the university taekwondo demonstrators, and there was no statistically significant level in anxiety control. Third, it was found that, among the elements of competition state anxiety of the university taekwondo demonstration team, cognitive state anxiety had a statistically significant effect on anxiety control, and there was no statistically significant level in physical state anxiety and state confidence. Conclusion: It can be said that the anxiety and psychological factors of the university taekwondo demonstrators' competition status according to leadership behavior style an effect. Accordingly, the results show that the positive behavioral pattern of the leader is related to the confidence of the athletes, the ability to cope with crisis, anxiety, and competition anxiety. It was determined that in order to improve athletes' performance and achieve good results in a perfect taekwondo demonstration situation, various behavior patterns of the leaders are necessary.

Purpose: Taekwondo is gaining global popularity as a sport through gyeorugi, poomsae, and demonstrations. As a proposal for the better development of Taekwondo, I would like to emphasize the importance of scientification. Methods: There is a need for systematic efforts to create a new Taekwondo for sports science that integrates with artificial intelligence, virtual reality, the robot industry, big data, and biological chemistry. Above all, we must not forget the essence of human-centered Taekwondo. The development of contents as an educational program centered on the moral value of Taekwondo and the development of Taekwondo in fusion with culture must be emphasized continuously. Results: As a specific project, scientific research on Taekwondo to present evidence for health promotion and academic research for cutting-edge science in competition sports are representative. In order to establish itself as a sport and improve performance, more intensive efforts on the use of cutting-edge science are emphasized to solve the abundance of problems such as stadium specifications, game time, scoring type, judgment method, and electronic tooling of sportswear and shoes. The development of a taekwondo program as a rehabilitation sport for the recovery of human inner and physical function can be a new attempt in consideration of changes in the times including low birthrate and aging. Conclusion: Taekwondo should play a role in protecting human body shape in excellent form while converging with more diverse disciplines to promote health and improve athletic performance. Just as many changes in human science have been accompanied by culture and religion, efforts to find human-centered Taekwondo science should also be attempted.